.38 Special vs .40 S&W
A detailed .38 Special vs .40 S&W ballistic comparison highlights the substantial performance gap between these two self-defense options. The .40 S&W (165gr JHP at 1175 fps) demonstrates dramatically higher energy, maintaining 413 ft-lbs at 50 yards compared to the .38 Special's (125gr JHP at 900 fps) 202 ft-lbs. Penetration testing shows the .40 S&W achieving 14.9-15.3 inches, perfectly meeting FBI defensive standards, while the .38 Special reaches 11.9-12.1 inches, falling at the lower threshold of acceptable defensive performance. The recoil differential is substantial, with the .40 S&W generating nearly three times the recoil energy (5.94 ft-lbs vs 2.19 ft-lbs). Cost considerations slightly favor the .40 S&W, with ammunition starting around $0.31 per round compared to $0.37 for .38 Special. Remember that performance varies considerably with different ammunition selections and firearm platforms, so these figures represent typical defensive loadings rather than definitive performance benchmarks.
Ammunition Parameters
.38 Special Parameters (Self-Defense Load)
.40 S&W Parameters (Self-Defense Load)
.38 Special vs .40 S&W Ballistics Chart
Comparing bullet drop at various ranges between .38 Special and .40 S&W.
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.38 Special vs .40 S&W Energy Comparison
Comparing the muzzle energy and energy retention at various distances between .38 Special and .40 S&W.
.38 Special vs .40 S&W Bullet Penetration
Comparison of estimated penetration depth in 10% ballistic gel between .38 Special and .40 S&W at self-defense distances.
Self-Defense Ammunition Penetration
Notes:
- FBI standard for optimal penetration is 12-18 inches in 10% ballistics gel
- Our penetration data is calculated using mathematical models based on sectional density, velocity, and expansion factors. While not actual gel tests, our calculations have been validated against manufacturer test data and provide reliable estimates for comparison purposes.
- Actual results may vary depending on clothing barriers and other factors
.38 Special vs .40 S&W Recoil
Comparing recoil energy and impulse between .38 Special and .40 S&W.
.38 Special Recoil (Self-Defense Load)
.40 S&W Recoil (Self-Defense Load)
Notes:
- Recoil calculations based on bullet weight, velocity, powder charge, and firearm weight
- Recoil energy indicates the felt force when firing the weapon
- Recoil impulse represents momentum transfer during firing
- Actual felt recoil can vary based on grip, stance, and firearm design
.38 Special vs .40 S&W Velocity
Velocity decay from muzzle to 50 yards for .38 Special and .40 S&W.
.38 Special vs .40 S&W Average Cost
Comparing cost per round and training affordability between .38 Special and .40 S&W.