.38 Special vs .380 Auto

For those considering .38 Special vs .380 Auto as compact defensive options, understanding their ballistic differences helps inform the selection process. The .38 Special (125gr JHP at 900 fps) offers marginally higher energy, maintaining 202 ft-lbs at 50 yards compared to the .380 Auto's (90gr JHP at 1000 fps) 166 ft-lbs. The penetration advantage clearly favors the .38 Special, reaching 11.9-12.1 inches, which approaches FBI minimum standards, while the .380 Auto achieves only 8.8-9.0 inches, falling below optimal defensive parameters. The .380 Auto does provide a recoil advantage, generating 1.41 ft-lbs of recoil energy versus the .38 Special's 2.19 ft-lbs. Cost considerations favor the .380 Auto, with ammunition starting around $0.29 per round compared to $0.37 for .38 Special. Remember that performance varies considerably between different ammunition selections and firearm platforms, so these figures represent typical defensive loadings rather than definitive performance benchmarks.

Ammunition Parameters

.38 Special Parameters (Self-Defense Load)

Bullet Type:
JHP
Bullet Weight:
125 grains
Muzzle Velocity:
900 fps
Ballistic Coefficient:
0.14
Zero Range:
25 yards
Drag Function:
G1
Sight Height:
0.5 inches

.380 Auto Parameters (Self-Defense Load)

Bullet Type:
JHP
Bullet Weight:
90 grains
Muzzle Velocity:
1000 fps
Ballistic Coefficient:
0.099
Zero Range:
25 yards
Drag Function:
G1
Sight Height:
0.5 inches

.38 Special vs .380 Auto Ballistics Chart

Comparing bullet drop at various ranges between .38 Special and .380 Auto.

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Try Our Ballistics Calculators

Want to calculate exact trajectories for these calibers with your specific loads?

.38 Special vs .380 Auto Energy Comparison

Comparing the muzzle energy and energy retention at various distances between .38 Special and .380 Auto.

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.38 Special vs .380 Auto Bullet Penetration

Comparison of estimated penetration depth in 10% ballistic gel between .38 Special and .380 Auto at self-defense distances.

Self-Defense Ammunition Penetration

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Notes:

  • FBI standard for optimal penetration is 12-18 inches in 10% ballistics gel
  • Our penetration data is calculated using mathematical models based on sectional density, velocity, and expansion factors. While not actual gel tests, our calculations have been validated against manufacturer test data and provide reliable estimates for comparison purposes.
  • Actual results may vary depending on clothing barriers and other factors

.38 Special vs .380 Auto Recoil

Comparing recoil energy and impulse between .38 Special and .380 Auto.

.38 Special Recoil (Self-Defense Load)

Bullet Weight:
125.0 gr
Bullet Velocity:
900.0 fps
Powder Charge:
3.8 gr
Firearm Weight:
2.5 lbs
Recoil Impulse:
0.58 lbs·sec
Recoil Velocity:
7.51 fps
Recoil Energy:
2.19 ft·lbf

.380 Auto Recoil (Self-Defense Load)

Bullet Weight:
90.0 gr
Bullet Velocity:
1000.0 fps
Powder Charge:
3.1 gr
Firearm Weight:
2.5 lbs
Recoil Impulse:
0.47 lbs·sec
Recoil Velocity:
6.03 fps
Recoil Energy:
1.41 ft·lbf
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Notes:

  • Recoil calculations based on bullet weight, velocity, powder charge, and firearm weight
  • Recoil energy indicates the felt force when firing the weapon
  • Recoil impulse represents momentum transfer during firing
  • Actual felt recoil can vary based on grip, stance, and firearm design

.38 Special vs .380 Auto Velocity

Velocity decay from muzzle to 50 yards for .38 Special and .380 Auto.

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.38 Special vs .380 Auto Average Cost

Comparing cost per round and training affordability between .38 Special and .380 Auto.

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