.40 S&W vs 9mm Luger
A detailed comparison between .40 S&W and 9mm Luger covering bullet energy, penetration, ballistics, recoil, and cost data to help you choose the right caliber for your needs.
Ammunition Parameters
.40 S&W Parameters (Self-Defense Load)
9mm Luger Parameters (Self-Defense Load)
Energy Comparison
Comparing the muzzle energy and energy retention at various distances between .40 S&W and 9mm Luger.
Bullet Penetration
Comparison of estimated penetration depth in 10% ballistic gel between .40 S&W and 9mm Luger at self-defense distances.
Self-Defense Ammunition Penetration
Notes:
- FBI standard for optimal penetration is 12-18 inches in 10% ballistics gel
- Our penetration data is calculated using mathematical models based on sectional density, velocity, and expansion factors. While not actual gel tests, our calculations have been validated against manufacturer test data and provide reliable estimates for comparison purposes.
- Actual results may vary depending on clothing barriers and other factors
Recoil Comparison
Comparing recoil energy and impulse between .40 S&W and 9mm Luger.
.40 S&W Recoil (Self-Defense Load)
9mm Luger Recoil (Self-Defense Load)
Notes:
- Recoil calculations based on bullet weight, velocity, powder charge, and firearm weight
- Recoil energy indicates the felt force when firing the weapon
- Recoil impulse represents momentum transfer during firing
- Actual felt recoil can vary based on grip, stance, and firearm design
Velocity Comparison
Velocity decay from muzzle to 50 yards for .40 S&W and 9mm Luger.
Trajectory Comparison
Comparing bullet drop at various ranges between .40 S&W and 9mm Luger.
Try Our Ballistics Calculators
Want to calculate exact trajectories for these calibers with your specific loads?
Cost Comparison
Comparing cost per round and training affordability between .40 S&W and 9mm Luger.