.40 S&W vs 9mm Luger
In the ongoing .40 S&W vs 9mm Luger debate, ballistic data reveals meaningful differences in terminal performance and handling characteristics. The .40 S&W (165gr JHP at 1175 fps) maintains a significant energy advantage, delivering 413 ft-lbs at 50 yards compared to the 9mm Luger's (124gr JHP at 1201 fps) 337 ft-lbs. Despite different approaches to terminal ballistics, both calibers demonstrate similar penetration capabilities, with the .40 S&W reaching 14.9-15.3 inches and the 9mm achieving 14.7-15.0 inches, both falling squarely within FBI-recommended standards. The recoil comparison favors the 9mm significantly, generating just 3.84 ft-lbs of recoil energy versus the .40 S&W's 5.94 ft-lbs. Cost considerations strongly favor the 9mm, with ammunition starting around $0.20 per round compared to $0.31 for .40 S&W. Remember that performance varies considerably with different ammunition selections and firearm platforms, so these figures represent typical defensive loadings rather than definitive performance benchmarks.
Ammunition Parameters
.40 S&W Parameters (Self-Defense Load)
9mm Luger Parameters (Self-Defense Load)
.40 S&W vs 9mm Luger Ballistics Chart
Comparing bullet drop at various ranges between .40 S&W and 9mm Luger.
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.40 S&W vs 9mm Luger Energy Comparison
Comparing the muzzle energy and energy retention at various distances between .40 S&W and 9mm Luger.
.40 S&W vs 9mm Luger Bullet Penetration
Comparison of estimated penetration depth in 10% ballistic gel between .40 S&W and 9mm Luger at self-defense distances.
Self-Defense Ammunition Penetration
Notes:
- FBI standard for optimal penetration is 12-18 inches in 10% ballistics gel
- Our penetration data is calculated using mathematical models based on sectional density, velocity, and expansion factors. While not actual gel tests, our calculations have been validated against manufacturer test data and provide reliable estimates for comparison purposes.
- Actual results may vary depending on clothing barriers and other factors
.40 S&W vs 9mm Luger Recoil
Comparing recoil energy and impulse between .40 S&W and 9mm Luger.
.40 S&W Recoil (Self-Defense Load)
9mm Luger Recoil (Self-Defense Load)
Notes:
- Recoil calculations based on bullet weight, velocity, powder charge, and firearm weight
- Recoil energy indicates the felt force when firing the weapon
- Recoil impulse represents momentum transfer during firing
- Actual felt recoil can vary based on grip, stance, and firearm design
.40 S&W vs 9mm Luger Velocity
Velocity decay from muzzle to 50 yards for .40 S&W and 9mm Luger.
.40 S&W vs 9mm Luger Average Cost
Comparing cost per round and training affordability between .40 S&W and 9mm Luger.