Missouri allows adults 19 and older — or 18 and older with U.S. Armed Forces service — to carry a handgun openly or concealed without a permit, a status that took effect January 1, 2017 under SB 656 (2016). The state still issues an optional five-year Concealed Carry Permit (CCW) through each county sheriff under RSMo § 571.101; the permit unlocks reciprocity in 36 other states and exempts the holder from certain location restrictions. Missouri preempts local firearm regulation under RSMo § 21.750, has no firearm registry, no red flag law, no magazine limit, and no assault-weapon ban, and codifies both castle doctrine and stand-your-ground at RSMo § 563.031.
Sourced from official state legislature, AG, and ATF documents. Last verified June 6, 2026.
Yes. Missouri's motor-vehicle exception in RSMo § 571.030.3 allows any person 19 or older (or 18 with U.S. Armed Forces service) who lawfully possesses a concealable firearm to transport it in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle without a permit. The statute does not distinguish between the glove box, center console, or trunk.
No, if you are at least 19 (or 18 with U.S. Armed Forces service). Permitless carry has been in effect since January 1, 2017 under SB 656. A Missouri Concealed Carry Permit remains optional and is useful for reciprocity in 36 other states and for exemption from certain location restrictions.
Generally yes under state law, but a few Missouri municipalities have ordinances regulating open carry by non-permit holders. A CCW permit holder is statutorily exempt from any such local ordinance under RSMo § 21.750.3(2). To be safe in unfamiliar cities, carry concealed or carry a CCW permit.
Apply to your county sheriff (or city sheriff in St. Louis) under RSMo § 571.101. Requirements include U.S. citizenship or permanent residency, Missouri residency, age 19+ (or 18+ with U.S. Armed Forces service), no disqualifying criminal or mental-health history, and completion of an 8-hour state-certified firearms safety course. Fees are capped at $100 application and $50 renewal; the permit is valid for five years.
Yes. Under RSMo §§ 571.205-571.230, Missouri offers 10-year, 25-year, and lifetime concealed carry permits in addition to the standard five-year permit. These extended permits were created by SB 656 (2016).
No. RSMo § 571.030.1(10) makes it unlawful to carry a firearm into any school, onto a school bus, or onto the premises of any school-sponsored function. RSMo § 571.107.1(10) separately bars CCW holders from carrying in K-12 or higher-education facilities without the governing body's consent. Storing the firearm locked in your vehicle on school property is not an offense so long as it is not removed or brandished.
Yes. RSMo § 563.031 imposes no duty to retreat in a dwelling, residence, or vehicle in which the person is not unlawfully present; on private property the person owns or leases; or in any other location the person has the right to be. SB 656 (2016) added the third category, broadening Missouri's SYG to all places a person is lawfully present.
Practically no for the parking lot itself. RSMo § 571.107.2 states that possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises of a § 571.107 restricted location is not a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished. Employers may still ban firearms inside the workplace and may discipline employees for violating company policy, but cannot have an employee criminally prosecuted for a firearm locked in a personal vehicle on company property.
No. Missouri does not require you to proactively inform a law enforcement officer that you are carrying. A concealed carry permit holder must display the permit only upon an officer's request; failing to display is a $35 fine, not a criminal offense (RSMo § 571.121).
Yes, with federal NFA registration. RSMo § 571.020 lists suppressors, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, and machine guns, but provides a complete defense if the item is possessed in conformity with federal law. An ATF Form 1 or Form 4 registration is sufficient under Missouri law.
No. Missouri has no firearm registry. RSMo § 571.500 prohibits public officials from cooperating with the creation of a state or federal database tracking lawful firearm ownership, and § 21.750 preempts any local registration ordinance.
No. Missouri has not enacted an extreme risk protection order law, and RSMo Chapter 571 contains no third-party ERPO petition mechanism. § 571.092, added by SB 754 (2024), is a rights-restoration statute that lets a person who was adjudicated incapacitated petition to lift the resulting firearm restriction — not a tool to take firearms from another person.
The biggest recent development was outside the legislature: the 2021 Second Amendment Preservation Act (HB 85) was struck down by the Eighth Circuit on August 26, 2024 in United States v. State of Missouri (No. 23-1457), and the Supreme Court denied certiorari on October 6, 2025. SB 754 (2024) added Blair's Law (RSMo § 571.031) effective August 28, 2024, criminalizing the reckless discharge of a firearm within a municipality.
Federal law requires you to be 21 to buy a handgun from a federally licensed dealer and 18 for long guns. Missouri imposes no additional state-level purchase-age beyond federal law; private in-state transfers between unlicensed adults are not bound by these federal FFL minimums.
Per the Missouri Attorney General's reciprocity page, 36 states honor a Missouri concealed carry permit: AL, AK, AZ, AR, CO, DE, FL, GA, ID, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MI, MS, MT, NE, NH, NM, NC, ND, OH, OK, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WV, WI, WY. Missouri in turn honors a valid concealed weapons permit from every state that issues one.
No. Missouri does not require a background check for private, in-state firearm transfers between unlicensed individuals. Federally licensed dealers must run the federal NICS check; RSMo § 571.080 makes a dealer's violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(b) or (x) a state offense.
Restaurants that serve alcohol but are primarily devoted to food service are generally lawful for carry. RSMo § 571.107.1(7) restricts concealed carry only in the portion of an establishment 'primarily devoted' to dispensing intoxicating liquor for on-premises consumption — i.e., the bar area of a dedicated bar, not a typical restaurant dining room.
The 2021 SAPA (HB 85), which purported to invalidate federal firearm laws within Missouri, was struck down as a Supremacy Clause violation by the Western District of Missouri in March 2023 and affirmed by the Eighth Circuit on August 26, 2024 in United States v. State of Missouri, No. 23-1457. The U.S. Supreme Court denied review on October 6, 2025. SAPA is permanently enjoined and not enforceable.
Since October 9, 2026, ATF does not require federal registration or a tax stamp for suppressors or short-barreled rifles (what changed and what didn't). Missouri's own law still applies, and it is set out below.
Revised Statutes of Missouri § 571.020.1(6) makes it a class D felony to knowingly possess, manufacture, transport, repair or sell a machine gun, a short-barreled rifle or shotgun, a firearm silencer or a switchblade knife 'in violation of federal law.' Because the hook is inverted, there is no state offense unless federal law is violated. There is no state permit or registry. Reports that Missouri repealed its suppressor penalties effective August 28, 2026 are wrong, because HB 1730 never passed the Senate.
The Wildlife Code method-of-take rule at 3 CSR 10-7.410 does not mention suppressors, and the Department of Conservation has said the Wildlife Code does not prohibit a sound suppressor on a hunting weapon. This rests on secondary sources, because the Secretary of State's site blocked direct access to the regulation.
Short-barreled rifles sit in the same subdivision on the same inverted hook, so the offense arises only if the item is possessed in violation of federal law. There is no state barrel-length or overall-length rule, no assault weapon definition and no state registration requirement.
Machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, firearm silencers and switchblades are offenses only in violation of federal law. Re-read on 2026-10-11: the Revisor shows the section effective January 1, 2017, with a history line ending at A.L. 2016 H.B. 2332 and no 2026 amendment.
"Any of the following in violation of federal law:"
ATF stopped requiring NFA approval and registration for suppressors, short-barreled rifles, short-barreled shotguns and AOWs on October 9, 2026, but says the policy does not affect state or local law and that it cannot say whether an unregistered item counts as lawfully held under federal law for state-law purposes. HB 1730 of 2026 passed the House on April 10, 2026 and then sat in Senate committee. August 28, 2026 was its proposed effective date, not law.
"ATF cannot opine on whether holding an unregistered firearm or silencer pursuant to ATF's enforcement discretion will qualify for state-law purposes as lawfully held (or registered) under federal law."
Checked against the statutes on October 11, 2026. Compare suppressor prices.
Missouri allows a person at least 19 years of age — or 18 if a current or honorably discharged U.S. Armed Forces member — to carry a concealable firearm without a permit, provided the firearm is lawfully possessed and the person is not in a § 571.107 restricted area. The framework dates to SB 656 (2016), effective January 1, 2017.
"Subdivision (1) of subsection 1 of this section does not apply to any person nineteen years of age or older or eighteen years of age or older and a member of the United States Armed Forces, or honorably discharged from the United States Armed Forces, transporting a concealable firearm in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, so long as such concealable firearm is otherwise lawfully possessed."
RSMo § 571.030.3 (vehicle/age exception) and § 571.030.4 (permit exception) statute
SB 656 (CCS HCS SB 656), passed over Governor Jay Nixon's veto on September 14, 2016, repealed and re-enacted RSMo §§ 571.030, 571.101, 571.104, 571.111, and 571.126, eliminating the concealed-carry permit requirement for eligible adults and authorizing 10-, 25-, and lifetime extended CCW permit options. The permitless-carry provisions took effect January 1, 2017.
"AN ACT To repeal sections 50.535, 563.031, 571.030, 571.101, 571.104, 571.111, and 571.126, RSMo, and to enact in lieu thereof fourteen new sections relating to weapons."
The Missouri Concealed Carry Permit is issued by the applicant's county (or city) sheriff and is valid for five years. Minimum age is 19, or 18 for active-duty / honorably discharged U.S. Armed Forces members. Application fee is capped at $100; renewal at $50. The sheriff must conduct a NICS check and, absent disqualifying information, issue the permit within 45 days of application.
"The county or city sheriff... shall issue a concealed carry permit to any United States citizen or permanent resident alien... valid from the date of issuance or renewal until five years from such date."
Missouri concealed carry permit applicants must complete a firearms safety course of at least eight hours conducted by a state-certified instructor, including classroom and live-fire components and a live-fire qualification of at least 20 rounds. Maximum student-to-instructor ratios are 40:1 in classroom and 5:1 on the range.
"a firearms safety course of at least eight hours in length."
In addition to the standard five-year CCW, Missouri offers extended-term concealed carry permits under §§ 571.205-571.230: a 10-year permit, a 25-year permit, and a lifetime permit. These were created by SB 656 (2016).
"Lifetime or extended permit issuance"
RSMo § 571.205 to § 571.230 (Lifetime and extended permits) statute
RSMo § 571.104 governs the suspension, revocation, renewal, and reporting obligations tied to a Missouri concealed carry permit. A permit is suspended or revoked if the holder becomes ineligible under specified subdivisions of § 571.101.2 or upon issuance of a valid full order of protection. The statute also addresses name and residence change reporting and special provisions for active-duty military members.
"A concealed carry endorsement issued prior to August 28, 2013, shall be suspended or revoked if the concealed carry endorsement holder becomes ineligible for such endorsement under the criteria established in subdivisions (3), (4), (5), (8), and (11) of subsection 2 of section 571.101 or upon the issuance of a valid full order of protection."
RSMo § 571.104 (CCW permit suspension, revocation, renewal) statute
Missouri does not require a state permit to openly carry a firearm. However, § 21.750.3 preserves a narrow municipal authority to regulate the open carrying of firearms readily capable of lethal use, while exempting any person with a valid concealed carry endorsement or permit from such local ordinances. The practical effect is that a CCW permit holder may open-carry anywhere in the state, while a permitless carrier may be subject to a local open-carry ordinance in some municipalities.
"Any person with a valid concealed carry endorsement or permit who is open carrying a firearm shall be required to have a valid concealed carry endorsement or permit."
RSMo § 21.750.3 (preemption with open-carry exception) statute
Any person 19 or older (or 18 with U.S. Armed Forces service) who lawfully possesses a concealable firearm may transport it in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle without a permit. The statute does not distinguish between glove box, center console, or trunk, and does not require unloading. Rental cars are not separately addressed and follow the same rules.
"transporting a concealable firearm in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, so long as such concealable firearm is otherwise lawfully possessed."
Missouri's parking-lot protection appears within the prohibited-places statute: in nearly all § 571.107 restricted locations, possession of a firearm inside a vehicle on the premises is expressly not a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished. This effectively shields employees, customers, and visitors who keep firearms locked in their vehicles at restricted sites including private workplaces that have posted against carry.
"Possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises."
Missouri honors a facially valid concealed carry permit issued by every other state that issues them. As listed on the Attorney General's reciprocity page, 36 states recognize the Missouri concealed carry permit: AL, AK, AZ, AR, CO, DE, FL, GA, ID, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MI, MS, MT, NE, NH, NM, NC, ND, OH, OK, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WV, WI, WY.
"Missouri's concealed carry law provides recognition of concealed weapons permits from every state that issues them."
Missouri codifies castle doctrine: a person may use deadly force against another who unlawfully enters, remains after unlawfully entering, or attempts to unlawfully enter a dwelling, residence, or vehicle lawfully occupied by such person. There is no duty to retreat from a dwelling, residence, or vehicle in which the person is not unlawfully present.
"Such force is used against a person who unlawfully enters, remains after unlawfully entering, or attempts to unlawfully enter a dwelling, residence, or vehicle lawfully occupied by such person."
Missouri is a stand-your-ground state: a person has no duty to retreat from a dwelling, residence, or vehicle where the person is not unlawfully entering or remaining; from private property the person owns or leases; or if the person is in any other location the person has the right to be. SB 656 (2016) added the third category, expanding SYG to all places a person is lawfully present.
"If the person is in any other location such person has the right to be."
Missouri does not impose a general duty to proactively inform a law enforcement officer that you are armed. A concealed carry permit holder must carry the permit while carrying a concealed firearm and display it upon the request of any peace officer; failure to display is a $35 fine, not a criminal offense.
"shall display the concealed carry permit and a state or federal government-issued photo identification... upon the request of any peace officer."
RSMo § 571.107 lists seventeen categories where concealed carry is restricted even for permit holders, including police/sheriff stations, polling places within 25 feet on election day, jails and prisons, courthouses, government meetings, controlled portions of government buildings, bars (the portion primarily devoted to dispensing intoxicating liquor), airport secure areas, federally prohibited locations, schools and higher-education facilities, child care facilities, riverboat casinos, gated amusement parks, churches, posted private property, sports arenas seating 5,000+, and hospitals accessible to the public.
"Any police, sheriff, or highway patrol office or station without the consent of the chief law enforcement officer in charge."
RSMo § 571.107.1(1)-(17) (restricted concealed-carry locations) statute
Concealed carry is prohibited in any higher-education institution or K-12 facility without the consent of the governing body. Permit holders who store a firearm in a vehicle on school property are not committing an offense so long as the firearm is not removed or brandished. Carry on school premises by a person without consent is also independently barred by RSMo § 571.030.1(10).
"Any higher education institution or elementary or secondary school facility without the consent of the governing body of the higher [education institution]."
RSMo § 571.107.1(10) (schools) statute
A private property owner may post the premises as off-limits to concealed firearms, and a permit holder who enters in violation of a valid posting commits an offense. A first violation is treated as a civil infraction with a fine of up to $100; subsequent violations escalate. Posting does not affect the vehicle-on-premises safe-harbor.
"Any private property whose owner has posted the premises as being off-limits to concealed firearms by means of one or more signs."
Concealed carry is restricted in any establishment licensed to dispense intoxicating liquor for consumption on the premises, but only in the portion primarily devoted to that purpose. The carve-out for restaurants that serve alcohol but whose primary purpose is food service means lawful carry is generally permitted in a typical restaurant dining area.
"Any establishment licensed to dispense intoxicating liquor for consumption on the premises, which portion is primarily devoted to that purpose."
RSMo § 571.107.1(7) (bars) statute
RSMo § 571.030.1(10) independently makes it a state offense to carry a firearm, loaded or unloaded, into any school, onto a school bus, or onto the premises of any school-sponsored function or activity. This applies in addition to the § 571.107.1(10) CCW-permit-holder restriction and reaches non-permit and permit holders alike.
"Carries a firearm, whether loaded or unloaded, or any other weapon readily capable of lethal use into any school, onto any school bus, or onto the premises of any function or activity sponsored or sanctioned by school officials or the district school board."
RSMo § 571.030.1(8) makes it a state offense for a non-permit holder to carry a firearm or other weapon readily capable of lethal use into any church or place where people have assembled for worship, without the consent of the minister or person representing the religious organization.
"Carries a firearm or any other weapon readily capable of lethal use into any church or place where people have assembled for worship."
Missouri requires federally licensed dealers (FFLs) to comply with the federal NICS background-check requirement under 18 U.S.C. § 922(b) and (x); RSMo § 571.080 makes a violation of those federal subsections a state offense. Missouri does NOT impose a universal background check on private, in-state firearm transfers between unlicensed individuals.
"A person commits the crime of transfer of a concealable firearm if such person violates 18 U.S.C. Section 922(b) or 18 U.S.C. Section 922(x)."
RSMo § 571.080 (transfer of concealable firearm) and 18 U.S.C. § 922(t) statute
Federal law makes it unlawful to sell, deliver, or otherwise transfer a handgun or handgun ammunition to a juvenile (a person under 18), and unlawful for a juvenile to knowingly possess a handgun or handgun ammunition, subject to narrow exceptions for employment, ranching/farming, target practice, hunting, instruction, and defense of the residence. RSMo § 571.080 incorporates this federal prohibition into state law for transfer offenses.
"It shall be unlawful for a person to sell, deliver, or otherwise transfer to a person who the transferor knows or has reasonable cause to believe is a juvenile."
18 U.S.C. § 922(x) (juvenile handgun and ammunition prohibition) atf
18 U.S.C. § 922(b) prohibits federally licensed importers, manufacturers, dealers, and collectors from selling or delivering firearms or ammunition to specified categories of persons, including those below the federal age minimums (handguns: 21; long guns: 18) and persons whose receipt would violate state or local law in the place of sale. RSMo § 571.080 makes a Missouri dealer's violation of § 922(b) a state offense.
"It shall be unlawful for any licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, licensed dealer, or licensed collector to sell or deliver."
18 U.S.C. § 922(b) (licensed-dealer transfer restrictions) atf
Federal law requires a federally licensed dealer (FFL) to sell handguns only to buyers 21 or older and long guns only to buyers 18 or older. Missouri does not impose any state-level purchase-age requirement beyond federal law; private in-state transfers between unlicensed adults are not bound by these federal FFL minimums. RSMo § 571.080 makes violation of the federal age rules a state offense.
"A licensee may not sell a handgun to anyone under the age of 21. A licensee may not sell a long gun to anyone under the age of 18."
18 U.S.C. § 922(b)(1) (federal); Missouri has no state purchase-age statute atf
Missouri does not require firearm registration. RSMo § 571.500 prohibits public officials from cooperating with the creation of a state or federal firearms database tracking lawful firearm ownership by Missouri residents. The preemption statute, § 21.750, additionally bars any political subdivision from imposing a registration regime.
"No public official, appointed official, or state, county, or municipal employee shall... cooperate with the creation of a database of firearms or firearm owners not in compliance with state and federal law."
RSMo § 21.750 (preemption) and § 571.500 (firearms database cooperation restrictions) statute
RSMo § 571.126 forbids any Missouri state agency from disclosing the statewide list of concealed carry permit and endorsement holders — including lifetime and extended permits — to the federal government. Individual records remain accessible to criminal justice agencies for legitimate investigative purposes via the state law enforcement system.
"Notwithstanding any other state law to the contrary, no state agency shall disclose to the federal government the statewide list of persons who have obtained a concealed carry endorsement or permit, including Missouri lifetime and extended concealed carry permits."
Missouri has not enacted an extreme risk protection order (red flag) law. RSMo Chapter 571 contains no ERPO mechanism. RSMo § 571.092, added by SB 754 (2024), is a rights-restoration statute — it allows a person who was adjudicated incapacitated and thereby became firearm-disabled to petition the court for removal of the firearm restriction. It is NOT a third-party ERPO petition mechanism against another person.
"Firearm restriction petitions and removal"
RSMo § 571.092, added by SB 754 (2024), establishes a petition mechanism for persons adjudged incapacitated under chapter 475 (or otherwise subject to a firearm-disabling adjudication) to seek removal of firearm-purchase, -possession, and -transfer restrictions. The court may grant relief on clear-and-convincing evidence that the petitioner poses no danger to public safety. It is NOT a third-party ERPO petition mechanism.
"Any individual who has been adjudged incapacitated under chapter 475..."
RSMo § 571.092 (firearm rights restoration for adjudicated incapacitated persons) statute
Missouri has no state assault-weapon ban and preempts local governments from adopting one. The regulation of firearms, ammunition, and components is reserved exclusively to the General Assembly under § 21.750.
"The general assembly hereby occupies and preempts the entire field of legislation touching in any way firearms, components, ammunition and supplies to the complete exclusion of any order, ordinance or regulation by any political subdivision of this state."
Missouri imposes no magazine-capacity limit, and the preemption statute bars local governments from imposing one. Components (which includes magazines) are explicitly within the preempted field.
"The general assembly hereby occupies and preempts the entire field of legislation touching in any way firearms, components, ammunition and supplies."
Missouri lists machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, and firearm suppressors in § 571.020(1)(6), but the statute provides a complete defense if the item is possessed in conformity with applicable federal law. In practice this means an NFA-registered (Form 1 or Form 4) suppressor, SBR, SBS, or machine gun is lawful for civilian possession in Missouri.
"A person does not commit a crime under this section if his or her conduct... was the manufacture, transportation, possession, repair or sale of any item listed in subdivision (6) of subsection 1 of this section in conformity with any applicable federal law."
RSMo § 571.020 (Possession of certain weapons) and federal NFA statute
Suppressors, short-barreled rifles (SBRs), short-barreled shotguns (SBSs), and machine guns are regulated under the federal National Firearms Act and require ATF registration. Missouri has no additional state registry or tax stamp.
"The National Firearms Act (NFA) imposes a statutory excise tax on the manufacture and transfer of certain firearms and mandates the registration of those firearms."
Missouri preempts the entire field of firearm, ammunition, and component regulation. Narrow exceptions in § 21.750.3 preserve local authority to regulate the open carrying of firearms readily capable of lethal use and the discharge of firearms within municipal limits, but any CCW permit holder open-carrying is exempt from those local ordinances.
"The general assembly hereby occupies and preempts the entire field of legislation touching in any way firearms, components, ammunition and supplies to the complete exclusion of any order, ordinance or regulation by any political subdivision of this state."
RSMo § 21.750 statute
SB 656 (2016, 98th General Assembly) eliminated the state requirement to obtain a concealed carry permit for eligible adults, expanded castle doctrine and stand-your-ground, and created 10-year, 25-year, and lifetime CCW permit options. Governor Nixon's veto was overridden September 14, 2016; the permitless-carry provisions took effect January 1, 2017.
"AN ACT To repeal sections 50.535, 563.031, 571.030, 571.101, 571.104, 571.111, and 571.126, RSMo, and to enact in lieu thereof fourteen new sections relating to weapons."
The Eighth Circuit, affirming the Western District of Missouri's summary judgment for the United States, held Missouri's 2021 Second Amendment Preservation Act (HB 85, codified at RSMo §§ 1.410-1.485) violates the Supremacy Clause and enjoined its enforcement. The U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari in Missouri v. United States, No. 24-796, on October 6, 2025, leaving SAPA permanently unenforceable.
"Because the Act purports to invalidate federal law in violation of the Supremacy Clause, we affirm the judgment."
United States v. State of Missouri, No. 23-1457 (8th Cir. Aug. 26, 2024) — SAPA struck down court
SS#2/SCS/SBs 754, 746, 788, 765, 841, 887 & 861, signed by Governor Parson July 9, 2024 and effective August 28, 2024, enacted RSMo § 571.031 (Blair's Law), making the reckless discharge of a firearm within or into the limits of a municipality a Class A misdemeanor for a first offense, a Class E felony for a second, and a Class D felony for a third or subsequent offense. The same act created § 571.092, a rights-restoration mechanism allowing a person who was adjudicated incapacitated to petition the court to remove the resulting firearm restriction.
"AN ACT To repeal sections 211.031, 211.071, 217.345, 217.690, 547.031, 556.021, 558.016, 558.019, 568.045, 571.015, 571.070, 575.010, 575.353, 578.007, 578.022, 579.065, 579.068, 590.192, 590.653, 600.042, and 610.140, RSMo, and to enact in lieu thereof twenty-nine new sections relating to public safety."
Senate Bill 754 (2024) — Blair's Law (unlawful firearm discharge) statute
On October 6, 2025, the United States Supreme Court denied Missouri's petition for a writ of certiorari from the Eighth Circuit's August 26, 2024 decision in United States v. State of Missouri, leaving in place the lower-court injunction against the Second Amendment Preservation Act. (The cert denial itself is not an opinion document; the underlying 8th Circuit opinion is cited as the operative judgment.)
"Because the Act purports to invalidate federal law in violation of the Supremacy Clause, we affirm the judgment."
Missouri v. United States, No. 24-796 (U.S. Oct. 6, 2025) — cert denied court
Blair's Law, codified at RSMo § 571.031 by SB 754 (2024) effective August 28, 2024, makes the reckless discharge of a firearm within or into the limits of a municipality a Class A misdemeanor for a first offense, a Class E felony for a second offense, and a Class D felony for a third or subsequent offense. The statute exempts discharges at licensed shooting ranges, lawful wildlife hunting in open season, lawful self-defense, and law enforcement use.
"This section shall be known and may be cited as 'Blair's Law'."
RSMo § 571.031 (Blair's Law — unlawful discharge of firearm) statute
Missouri's Second Amendment Preservation Act is codified at RSMo §§ 1.410 to 1.485. Enacted by HB 85 (2021), it purported to declare a range of federal firearm laws 'invalid to this state' and create a private right of action against state and local officers enforcing such federal laws. The Western District of Missouri permanently enjoined the Act in March 2023; the Eighth Circuit affirmed on August 26, 2024 (No. 23-1457); the U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari October 6, 2025. SAPA remains on the books but is not enforceable.
"Sections 1.410 to 1.485 shall be known and may be cited as the 'Second Amendment Preservation Act'."
RSMo §§ 1.410 to 1.485 (Second Amendment Preservation Act, enjoined) statute
SS#2/SCS/SBs 754, 746, 788, 765, 841, 887 & 861, signed by Governor Parson on July 9, 2024, enacted RSMo § 571.031 (Blair's Law), making the reckless discharge of a firearm within or into the limits of a municipality a Class A misdemeanor for a first offense, a Class E felony for a second offense, and a Class D felony for a third or subsequent offense. The same act created § 571.092, a rights-restoration mechanism allowing a person adjudicated incapacitated to petition the court to lift the resulting firearm restriction.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed summary judgment for the United States in United States v. State of Missouri, No. 23-1457, holding the 2021 Second Amendment Preservation Act (HB 85, RSMo §§ 1.410-1.485) violates the Supremacy Clause because it purported to declare federal firearms laws 'invalid to this state.' The U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari October 6, 2025 (Missouri v. United States, No. 24-796), leaving SAPA permanently unenforceable.
SB 656 (CCS HCS SB 656, 98th General Assembly), enacted over Governor Jay Nixon's veto on September 14, 2016, amended RSMo § 571.030 to allow any person 19+ (or 18+ with U.S. Armed Forces service) who lawfully possesses a concealable firearm to carry it without a permit. The same act expanded castle doctrine and stand-your-ground in § 563.031 and created 10-year, 25-year, and lifetime CCW permit options under §§ 571.205-571.230.
Concealed carry is restricted in any higher-education institution or K-12 facility without the consent of the governing body. RSMo § 571.030.1(10) separately bars any person from carrying a firearm onto school grounds, a school bus, or the premises of a school-sponsored function. Firearms locked in a vehicle on the premises are not an offense so long as not removed or brandished.
Concealed carry is restricted in any courthouse solely occupied by the circuit, appellate, or supreme court, or any courtrooms, administrative offices, libraries, or other rooms of such courthouses, with limited exceptions for authorized personnel. Vehicle-on-premises safe harbor applies.
Concealed carry is prohibited within twenty-five feet of any polling place on any election day. Vehicle-on-premises safe harbor applies.
Concealed carry is restricted in any establishment licensed to dispense intoxicating liquor for on-premises consumption, but only in the portion primarily devoted to that purpose. Typical restaurants that serve alcohol but are primarily devoted to food service are not restricted.
A governmental entity may prohibit or limit concealed carry in any portion of a building owned, leased, or controlled by it; restricted access requires posting and applies only to CCW permit holders entering the controlled portion. Government meetings (general assembly committees, local governing bodies) are independently restricted under subdivision (5).
Concealed carry is prohibited in any police, sheriff, or highway patrol office or station without the consent of the chief law enforcement officer in charge.
Concealed carry is prohibited in any adult or juvenile detention or correctional institution, prison, or jail.
Concealed carry is restricted in any hospital accessible by the public. Vehicle-on-premises safe harbor applies.
Concealed carry by a permit holder on private property posted as off-limits by means of one or more signs is an offense. A first violation is a civil infraction with up to a $100 fine; subsequent violations escalate. Posting does not affect the vehicle-on-premises safe harbor.
Concealed carry is restricted in any church or other place of religious worship without the consent of the minister or person representing the religious organization. RSMo § 571.030.1(8) separately makes carrying a firearm into any place of worship a state offense for non-permit holders.
Every fact on this page is paired with a citation to the underlying statute, attorney general guidance, court opinion, or ATF document. We do not rely on summaries from advocacy organizations as primary sources. Last verified June 6, 2026 against the official sources.
This page is for informational purposes only and is not legal advice. We are not attorneys and nothing here creates an attorney-client relationship. Gun laws are complex, change frequently, and are interpreted differently across jurisdictions and individual fact patterns.
Before relying on any information on this page — to carry a firearm, purchase a firearm, travel across state lines, or respond to a self-defense situation — you should:
The controlling document is the statute or court ruling, not this page. We make no warranty as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of this information, and we disclaim all liability for any reliance placed upon it.
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